Plantation Society and Creolization Essay

The ‘self-image is the key to human personality and human behaviour. Change the self image and you change the personality and the behaviour. (Maxwell Maltz) Sociology is a systematic way of studying the social world. It seeks to discover the causes and effects of intercommunication and interaction that in social relation. While the functionalist provided a static view of society. Functionalism views society like a biological organism. The parts or institutions of the organism or society function appropriately to ensure the whole structure works efficiently and effectively. They believe that the whole has greater power than the individual parts. The three main aims and objectives of functionalism are to maintain order, stability and equilibrium in society. (Functionalist and Marxist Perspective) Max Weber (1864-1920), a German sociologist and a contemporary of Durkheim’s, also became a professor in the new academic discipline of sociology. Weber also believed in social actions as an action responsible by the individual. He believed that the individual need to take account for his own actions to be considered social. Weber defined social action as an action that an individual takes and attaches meaning and is conscious of the action. The individual must also take into consideration how others react to their actions. If the individual is not conscious of their action then it cannot be termed as social action and if they do not pay attention to the reaction of others for their action then it’s not social. On the stand point of the socialist, they need to find out the meaning of the action of the individual. From this, Weber took on the realization of social actions into social interactions – the interaction of individuals. He did not take into account religion, family, work or school. Marx, on the other hand believed that social actions leaned heavily on economic structures, but Weber did not agree because he believed they influenced the response of the action. Weber also had his views on religion as an influence on social action. He believed that religion stemmed what is called the spirit of capitalism or protestant ethic. Religion once believed that since they were the only true religion that they had no worries and will always be saved. Protestants came in with the idea opposite to this belief and then changed people’s perception of being saved. They then believed that financial success is a blessing from God and so began living frugal lives, investing money to make more money. Hence this brought about the view of capitalism. On the other hand, Weber however had a different view on social actions as to functionalism. Functionalism believed that society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together. Functionalism believed that for a society to work in harmony they must work together as a whole. Durkheim believes that society is composed of many parts, each with its own function. When all the parts of society fill in their function, it’s a normal state. If they do not then it’s abnormal or pathological. This major difference of these perspectives of society is their level of analysis which is micro-sociological and macro-sociological. Micro-sociological examines small scale patterns of social interaction which is the view of interactionism, whereas macro sociological examines large scale patterns of society which is the view of functionalism. The micro-sociological aspect of society, like Weber, believes in the individuals and what influences or causes their actions and the reactions of others based on the actions. The macro-sociological aspect, like Marx, believes in the larger picture of society as a whole with each part working together to achieve a function. Both functionalism and social interactionism has their varied views of gangs in society. Functionalism does not support gangs because it makes society unstable. Functionalism believes in society as a whole which makes it stable. Functionalism looks at gangs and how they contribute to or detract from society. Gangs contribute to society since they classify people into different identifiable groups, provide an example of defiance, and inspire the development of institutions of social control and total institutions. They detract from society in that they separate individuals from the main stream of society and there is a lack of social integration. Socialists like Weber, would look deeper into the reason behind gangs. Gangs, although part of society, but not considered a part of society since it has no function which shapes a stable society. Gangs are made up of small groups of people as little and three individuals. According to The Oxford Study Dictionary, â€Å"A gang is a number of workmen working together or a band of people going about together or working together, especially for some criminal purpose. † They form a gang for a reason and act upon it. Their action is as a result of their beliefs and they are accountable for their actions. It becomes a social action as the reaction of gangs form a negative part of society as determined by many. The social action, as Weber describes, gives a better understanding of gangs, since functionalism looks at gangs as a negative part of society. Social interactionism views gangs as a means to society achieving a goal, whether negative or positive. They look deeper into the individuals who make up the gang and the purpose of the gang. People in our poor urban Caribbean centers will be encouraged to join gangs because they are unable to achieve socially accepted goals through legitimate means. Gangs could be seen as innovators or achieving social goals through an illegitimate process. Individuals in the Caribbean join gangs for a variety of reasons, example for identity recognition that is achieving a level of status that cannot be achieved within the society; for protection because gang members protect their members; fellowship or brotherhood since gangs serves as an extension of the family where the members are called their brother; intimidation and peer pressure as being forced to join a gang to prove a point; the fact that gangs causes the individual to feel important especially if this is lacking at home; where they actually join a gang to perform criminal acts since they are assured protection and profits of the group. Because of the vast reasons for joining a gang, it is to be considered mainly by the socialism since they look into the reasons or underlying meaning behind the action of the individual. In the Caribbean people join gangs for many reasons and since Weber look at the action behind the individual for their action I think he best explain a better understanding of why people in the Caribbean join gangs. According to The Jamaican Gleaner people join gangs for a sense of purpose, belonging and value, hence the individual reasoning behind it all. We all face the ills of society yet only a few join gangs yet the majority does not. We are all a byproduct of our environment; however we do have an individual choice of conformity. So, what makes a few join and the majorities abstain. It boils down to the individual’s reaction to the situation that propels them to join a gang. Weber’s social action theory of one’s own individual conscious choice of joining a group is the driving force here. True, society does affect one’s actions to act in a certain way but if this provides a better understanding of why people in the Caribbean join a gang why not the majority join a gang? Why only a few join gangs in the Caribbean? I believe that it is the individual own personal conscious decision to join a gang provides a better understanding. Weber looks deeper into why the individual join a gang. If it is the society then according to Durkheim our society should be in a pathological state since the majority does not join a gang. The problem in the family is the one major driving force behind young people joining gangs. They do so for a sense of belonging according to the Jamaican Gleaner. The individual own conscious decision come to play here as to why they join a gang. They do so in an effort to fill in the void. The gang provides them with a new family and brotherhood. Peers pressure people to conform to a certain way of life and a gang is no different. One’s peers are part of the people whom they associate with because they are at school or workplace and so forth. Peers tend to have a great influence on the individual decision they are face with on a daily basis, so they have to make that choice of succumbing to the pressure or overpowering it. They must each make that conscious choice in accord with Weber theory of social action. As mentioned in the introduction, Greg is an example of why people join a gang for protection. Greg was well on his way of making a conscious decision to join a gang; again leading to the point that people make an individual reason for joining gangs in the Caribbean. In conclusion, It is my belief that both the functionalist who believes that society should work as a whole, one unit and the sociologists who states that its all about the action of the individual both contribute to the way people behaviour and the impact each theory has on society.

“A Question of Torture” by Alfred McCoy

â€Å"In April 2004, the American public was stunned when CBS Television broadcast photographs from Abu Ghraib prison, showing Iraqis naked, hooded, and contorted in humiliating positions while U.S. soldiers stood over them, smiling†. (p.5)Here Alfred McCoy starts his narration. His book â€Å"A Question of Torture† is labeled as a penetration study of fifty years American participation in torture propagation, research and practice. The book reveals degrading and inhumane treatment, cruelty and injustice in US history intensified by tragic personal case studies and experiences.The author deepens in why the tortures were sued, where they were implemented and what the consequences were. It is known that CIA had spent millions of dollars on torture research and the author writes that it combined self-inflicted pain with sensory deprivation with the eternal purpose of creating revolutionary psychological approach. The goal was to develop the first innovation in torture: â⠂¬Å"Still, if genius is the discovery of the obvious, then the CIA's perfection of psychological torture was a major scientific turning point, albeit unnoticed and unheralded in the world beyond its secret safe houses†.   (p.7)The primary techniques in torturing were hooding, isolation, extremes of hot and cold, hours of standing without opportunities to move or to change body position, manipulation of time. In such a way CIA had managed to destroy victim’s senses and his personal identity. All these techniques are claimed to have been used in Vietnam, Iraq, Iran and Central America. For example, Washington is argued to refer to torture in CIA’s prisons and torture-friendly countries.Nevertheless, information obtained through torturing is really worthless as victims were ready to acknowledge their fault even if they were not guilty. McCoy says that the agency used electric shocks and recruited peopled like, for example, Kurt Plotner. The author concludes that t he simplest and cheapest methods work the best and, what is more awful, public accepted them more than physical violence.Book DiscussionI think that the book â€Å"A Question of Torture† is really shocking and impressive study as the author reveals the most contradictive and painful pages of American history.Nevertheless, the book contributes historical filed as McCoy tends to provide neutral and realistic examples how tortures were used by CIA and where they were used. The author frames historical development of tortures stressing they are sanctioned. He seems to be very concerned with the diminished standards of American nation.However, I agree with McCoy that tortures are rarely affective and it is simply a like looking for a needle in haystack. The book teaches us that once torture is implemented, it results in mass tortures as, for example, tortures in Argentina and Chile during their ‘dirty wars’. Moreover, mass tortures are linked to increased rates of jud icial killings.

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay Example for Free

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay ? I have been searching for many years for the Holy Grail of interactive learning, a distinction between collaborative and cooperative learning definitions. I am getting closer to my elusive goal all the time but I am still not completely satisfied with my perception of the two concepts. I believe my confusion arises when I look at processes associated with each concept and see some overlap or inter-concept usage. I will make a humble attempt to clarify this question by presenting my definitions and reviewing those of other authors who have helped clarify my thinking. Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction designed to facilitate the accomplishment of an end product or goal. Collaborative learning (CL) is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members’ abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions. The underlying premise of collaborative learning is based upon consensus building through cooperation by group members, in contrast to competition in which individuals best other group members. CL practitioners apply this philosophy in the classroom, at committee meetings, with community groups, within their families and generally as a way of living with and dealing with other people. Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaboratve system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher. While there are many mechanisms for group analysis and introspection the fundamental approach is teacher centered whereas collaborative learning is more student centered. Spencer Kagan in an article in Educational Leadership (Dec/Jan 1989/1990) provides an excellent definition of cooperative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. His definition provides an unbrella for the work cooperative learning specialists including he Johnsons, Slavin, Cooper, Graves and Graves, Millis, etc. It follows below: â€Å"The structural approach to cooperative learning is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures, or content-free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. Structures usually involve a series of steps, with proscribed behavior at each step. An important cornerstone of the approach is the distinction bet ween â€Å"structures† and â€Å"activities†. â€Å"To illustrate, teachers can design many excellent cooperative activities, such as making a team mural or a quilt. Such activities almost always have a specific content-bound objective and thus cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. Structures may be used repeatedly with almost any subject matter, at a wide range of grade levels and at various points in a lesson plan. † John Myers (Cooperative Learning vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. Co-operative learning has largely American roots from the philosophical writings of John Dewey stressing the social nature of learning and the work on group dynamics by Kurt Lewin. Collaborative learning has British roots, based on the work of English teachers exploring ways to help students respond to literature by taking a more active role in their own learning. The cooperative learning tradition tends to use quantitative methods which look at achievement: i. e. , the product of learning. The collaborative tradition takes a more qualitative approach, analyzing student talk in response to a piece of literature or a primary source in history. Myers points out some differences between the two concepts: â€Å"Supporters of co-operative learning tend to be more teacher-centered, for example when forming heterogeneous groups, structuring positive inter- dependence, and teaching co-operative skills. Collaborative learning advocates distrust structure and allow students more say if forming friendhip and interest groups. Student talk is stressed as a means for working things out. Discovery and contextural approaches are used to teach interpersonal skills. † â€Å"Such differences can lead to disagreements†¦. I contend the dispute is not about research, but more about the morality of what should happen in the schools. Beliefs as to whast should happen in the schools can be viewed as a continuum of orientations toward curriculum from â€Å"transmission† to â€Å"transaction† to â€Å"transmission†. At one end is the transmission position. As the name suggests, the aim of this orientation is to transmit knowledge to students in the form of facts, skills and values. The transformation position at the other end of the continuum stresses personal and social change in which the person is said to be interrelated with the environment rather than having control over it. The aim of this orientation is self-actualization, personal or organizational change. † Rocky Rockwood (National Teaching and Learning Forum vol 4 #6, 1995 part 1) describes the differences by acknowledging the parallels they both have in that they both use groups, both assign specific tasks, and both have the groups share and compare their procedures and conclusions in plenary class sessions. The major difference lies in the fact that cooperative deals exclusively with traditional (canonical) knowledge while collaborative ties into the social constructivist movement, asserting that both knowledge and authority of knowledge have changed dramatically in the last century. â€Å"The result has been a transition from â€Å"foundational (cognitive) understanding of knowledge†, to a nonfoundational ground where â€Å"we understand knowledge to be a social construct and learning a social process† (Brufee, Collaborative learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge, 1993). Rockwood states: â€Å"In the ideal collaborative environment, the authority for testing and determining the appropriateness of the group product rests with, first, the small group, second, the plenary group (the whole class) and finally (but always understood to be subject to challenge and revision) the requisite knowledge community (i. e. the discipline: geography, history, biology etc. ) The concept of non- foundational knowledge challenges not only the product acquired, but also the process employed in the acquisition of foundational knowledge. â€Å"Most importantly, in cooperative, the authority remains with the instructor, who retains ownership of the task, which involves either a closed or a closable (that is to say foundational) problem ( the instructor knows or can predict the answer). In collaborative, the instructor–once the task is set– transfers all authority to the group. In the ideal, the group’s task is always open ended. † â€Å"Seen fr om this perspective, cooperative does not empower students. It employs them to serve the instructor’s ends and produces a â€Å"right† or acceptable answer. Collaborative does truly empower and braves all the risks of empowerment (for example, having the group or class agree to an embarrassingly simplistic or unconvincing position or produce a solution in conflict with the instructor’s). † â€Å"Every person, Brufee holds, belongs to several â€Å"interpretative or knowledge communities† that share vocabularies, points of view, histories, values, conventions and interests. The job of the instructor id to help students learn to negotiate the boundaries between the communities they already belong to and the community represented by the teacher’s academic discipline, which the students want to join. Every knowledge community has a core of foundational knowledge that its members consider as given (but not necessarily absolute). To function independently within a knowledge community, the fledgling scholar must master enough material to become conversant with the community. † Rockwood concludes: In my teaching experience, cooperative represents the best means to approach mastery of foundational knowledge. Once students become reasonably conversant, they are ready for collaborative, ready to discuss and assess,†¦. † Myers suggests use of the â€Å"transaction† orientation as a compromise between taking hard positions advocating either methodology. â€Å"This orientation views education as a dialogue between the student and the curriculum. Students are viewed as problem solvers. Problem solving and inquiry approaches stressing cognitive skills and the ideas of Vygotsky, Piaget, Kohlberg and Bruner are linked to transaction. This perspective views teaching as a â€Å"conversation† in which teachers and students learn together through a process of negotiation with the curriculum to develop a shared view of the world. † It is clear to me that in undertaking the exercize of defining differences between the two ideas we run the risk of polarizing the educational community into a we versus them mentality. There are so many benefits which acrue from both ideas that it would be a shame to lose any advantage gained from the student-student-teacher interactions created by both methods. We must be careful to avoid a one-size-fits-all mentality when it comes to education paradigms. As a final thought, I think it behooves teachers to educate themselves about the myriad of techniques and philosophies which create interactive environments where students take more responsibility for their own learning and that of their peers. Then it will become possible to pick and chose those methods which best fit a particular educational goal or community of learners. A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning. (2017, Mar 13).

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law - Essay Example However, the introduction of numerous statutory instruments and the principles of Judicial Interpretation place restrictions on the use of exclusion clauses. Another aspect of legal disputes in commercial contracts involve the situation where there is damage to property that belongs to one of the parties in the contract after an order is placed. There is a question of which is liable for damage. This paper is in two parts based on the question in the scenario. The first part examines the effectiveness of a clause that AOL has integrated into the contract which excludes liability for several things and how this can be used to relieve AOL for misrepresentation. The second part examines the obligations that AOL owes to Shoeground Ltd in view of shoes that they ordered which have been damaged. PART 1 1.1 Issue The question requires that we examine the ability of Clause 3 to be used to exclude responsibility for misrepresentations. In doing this, there is the need to examine some importan t things: 1. The appropriateness of the use of Clause 3 as an Entire Agreement Clause and what intervening Statutes and Judicial practices can affect the use of the Clause to exclude liabilities for misrepresentations. ... The Misrepresentation Act of 19675, as amended by the Unfair Contract Terms Act 19776 restricts the possibility of using exclusion clauses to limit liability for misrepresentation. Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act states that if a term in a contract excludes liability for misrepresentation, any remedy available to the other party by reason of such misrepresentation, that term shall have no effect unless it satisfies the requirements of reasonableness in Section 11 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. This means that in an event of a misrepresentation by one party in a contract, that party cannot rely on any exclusion clause to prevent his liability for misrepresentation. In Overbrooke V Glencombe7 it was held that the need of a principal to disclose restraint of the authority of his agents were not enough to prevent him from the effects of Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act. This is because the principal stated that he was not responsible for the representations of hi s agents. The court held that the agents were acting in his name as such, the inclusion of a clause limiting their involvement did not make him exempt from Section 3 of the Act. The principal was held liable. However, in some instances, an exclusion clause for liability for misrepresentation could be accepted by the court if it is reasonable. The reasonableness test is laid out in Section 11 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. First of all, the exemption clause should have been reasonable enough to have intended the terms are the time of the contract8. This means that the term might have been in a way that a reasonable person could have inferred its impact and invested sufficient efforts to do diligent checks. Secondly, the exemption clause for misrepresentation

Good Ethics in Good Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Good Ethics in Good Business - Assignment Example There are conflicting studies regarding the link between good ethics and profitability in the short term, however, it does appear that good ethics can help a company achieve a strong long-term business model. Conversely, in the cases of Enron, Parmalat, and Merrill Lynch for example, a business ethics-related scandal can cost billions of dollars and even the destroy a company. Empirically, ethics or the lack thereof, can be a wild-card factor that can either improve or cost a business. More or less, good ethics serve as an insurance policy against corporate implosion and can help establish long-term customer and employee loyalty. In today's business culture, however, profitability is still the trump card, even amongst a trend toward greater corporate social responsibility. To understand what good ethics are, a clear definition of ethics must be made. The reality is that among others, there are two major separate and at times, conflicting paradigms regarding a preferred business model. The prevailing model in modern business, an open-market model, relies philosophically on Adam Smith's lassiez faire approach, that unadulterated market competition will always yield the most effective results. In theory, a pure open market system abhors any form of market interference, as it will only work counter to the maximization of an economic system. On a practical level, this type of competition finds its way into the investment markets. Large corporations are constantly under pressure to showcase their value in the form of stock prices, earnings reports, and prognoses for increased profitability in the near future. It would be considered unethical in this model to interfere with the natural conduct of business. Advocates of this model are by nature, against regul ation. The other model, which focuses on corporate social responsibility, is a more holistic approach that includes the social consequence of a company beyond its shareholder obligations. Therefore, good ethics are measured by the benefit to all entities that come in contact with a company directly or indirectly, from shareholders, to customers, to employees, to subcontractors, and to the environment. This type of model, which has been recently adopted by the United Nations, is challenging the traditional bottom-line approach and redefining the meaning of good ethics in business. The open market model has been the prevailing model of big business since roughly 1980, following international economic turmoil, believed to have been caused by an over-regulating economic philosophy from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Deregulation, desperation, and temptation have invited many ethics scandals in recent memory, from European scandals in the 1980' and 1990's to the U.S. based global corporate scandals in the early 21st Century. Lloyds of London for example, one of the largest insurances providers in the world, narrowly avoided bankruptcy as a result of allegedly misrepresenting its profitability and the amount of liabilities in the early 1980's to its Names, or wealthy individuals who underwrite their policies. The scandal led to over $8 billion in losses as it rocked London's financial markets, and as Tony Blair claimed, "Lloyd's has committed the largest, most extensive and pervasive fraud in history (McClilntick, 2000)." Another large European company, Parmalat , has been accused

Evelyn monologue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evelyn monologue - Coursework Example Am paying for all my deeds. I should be ashamed of my deeds. I let her down, I disregarded the fact that she is now a grown up and not a child any more. But come to think of it, how did she discover? It must have been my mother. Yeah its my mother who told her about my past. How could she. Thanks to her I have lost the only thing I had in the world, no husband, my daughter is gone now, I have no one. I wish I had been more open to her as she grew up. This could not have happened at all. If only I had let in on the truth, things could have been easier for her to handle. I can only imagine the shock she had when she finally heard the truth. If I had worked hard to build a relationship with Faith, if only I was a good mother. I regret the times I did not come home until late at night. I should have made more time for her, to talk to her to share her fears and let her see the world through my eyes. I should have known one day this would happen and I would not have a second chance at doing these things. I should have given my mother so much freedom to talk to my daughter, Faith; look where it has put all of us. I remember my childhood with tears I never had enough time with my parents. They were ever out working; making sure we had a roof over our head and food on our table. My perception of the world was through my friends. Who used to mock me for being Jewish. I heard that part of my life for my daughter, with the aim of protecting her. I did not want her to be mocked by other children, the way it happened to me. No one would want their children to experience prejudicism that is why I did my best at keep that side of me away from my daughter, I thought the less that she knew the better it would have been for her. After having spent so little time with my mother during my childhood, I decided to let her move in with me so we could at least try to catch up. However, this was never to be, we are like strangers. All she does is to meddle in my

True View and Fair Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

True View and Fair Presentation - Essay Example Countries like UK, EU, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand have opted to adopt the 'true and fair view', whereas United States preferred to adopt GAAP standards. (Hopwood, Page, & Turley, 1990) While 'Present fairly in accordance with GAAP' took its origin from the US financial reporting regulations in 1939 (McEnroe & Martens, 1998), UK Companies Act 1947 introduced the concept of 'True and Fair View' for the first time in the UK. (Parker & Nobes, 1994) However the latest version of the International Accounting Standard - 1 (IAS 1) which became operative on or after 1st July 1998 recommends the adoption of both the reporting standards. IAS - 1 requires a fair presentation and disclosure in compliance with the IAS and in cases where there is a misleading element in the compliance to the IAS, the reporting can adopt a limited 'true and fair view' to override the fair presentation. (IAS 1, 1998) This paper examines whether the 'fair presentation' requirements of IAS - 1 undermine the UK's adoption of the view of 'true and fair' in the reporting of the financial statements. There is no authoritative definition of the term 'true and fair view' and some of the approaches to the definition have considered the concept in relation to the individual components of the terms in isolation. (Cowan, 1965) Chastney (1975) suggests that either of the terms does not presuppose the other and the also doubts whether the combined effect of the term amounts to more than the effect of the individual terms. Parker and Nobes (1991) found that majority of the auditors had made a distinction between both the terms 'true' and 'fair'. They also concluded out of their survey on the UK Directors that most of the directors considered both terms are synonymous. Both the terms 'true' and 'fair' have been defined in a precise and exact manner. "The nature of truth, whether it is absolute or relative, whether it exists as a reality, an incontrovertible thing, or as an abstraction, whether it is dependent or independent of the believer/observer and whether any statement can be proven or merely falsified are all aspects that that have been applied to accounting theory and research." (Covaleski & Dirsmith, 1990; Chua, 1986) Meaning of 'Fairly Presented, In Accordance with GAAP' Just like the terms 'true and fair view' there is no precise definition available of the term present fairly in accordance with GAAP' which can be considered as the American Equivalent of 'true and fair view'. Mano et al (1996) observe that the term may mean: The reports presented fairly and also in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private Essay

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private clinical laboratory setting - Essay Example The developments of science and technology have contributed to making many of these simpler that they no longer come under the federal oversight requirements. This puts the onus of ensuring that these tests ensure patient care and safety on the private clinical laboratories. (Howerton, D., Anderson, N., Bosse, D., Granade, S.,and Westbrook, G., 2006) The role of the private clinical laboratories is not restricted to simple tests, but as technology evolves so does their role in their contribution to more challenging laboratory testing like drug resistance testing in the management of HIV AIDS. (Wilson, W.J., 2003). To fulfill their role in patient care and patient safety private clinical laboratories need to be reliable associates of the physicians and yet there are areas in which the clinical laboratories are found to be deficient. These deficiencies include failure to provide useful information to help interpret a test result, standardization of reference ranges and units of measurement, laboratory policies that interfere with patient care, and performance of the wrong test. (Butterly, R.J., 2006). Errors do occur in laboratory tests and patient safety is impacted by the frequency and the seriousness with which these errors happen in private clinical laboratories. (Howanitz, P.J., 2005). In addition to errors another aspect that is found to be deficient in clinical laboratories that lead act as an impediment to the optimal delivery of healthcare to patients is the poor core laboratory performance that lead to delay in the laboratories providing the test results and as a result lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. (Holland, L.L., Smith, L.L., and Blick, K.E., 2005). There are deficiencies in the manner in which private clinical laboratories perform their role in patient care and patient safety. However, the issues that need to be taken into consideration is whether they are

Analysis of Human rights Act 1998 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Human rights Act 1998 - Essay Example To abide the above said aims and to appease the people who are hankering for unity and unanimity, the Act incorporates some provisions which extends some rights to the people to enjoy these unity .These provisions give the so called conventional rights to the people from the all area includes offenders, suspects etc. But the question is how far these rights enjoyable to these offenders particularly for suspects whose status is neither in the culprit's nor in the normal persons. The question is whether their rights are being protected aptly or not is a crucial question before the Law. As said above the suspects also enjoy the benefits of the different provisions which meant for the well being of the society. Article 2 of the Act provides everyone present in UK has the right of life and no one can de be deprived of their life, including those such as suspected terrorists or violent criminals. Moreover Article 3 gives the suspects a right to freedom from torturing, inhumane or degrading treatment. It further says that even in times of war or other public emergency, a person has the right not to be treated in these ways .It is a also applicable to the suspects. By sticking to the individual fre... As said above the suspects also enjoy the benefits of the different provisions which meant for the well being of the society. Article 2 of the Act provides everyone present in UK has the right of life and no one can de be deprived of their life, including those such as suspected terrorists or violent criminals. Moreover Article 3 gives the suspects a right to freedom from torturing, inhumane or degrading treatment. It further says that even in times of war or other public emergency, a person has the right not to be treated in these ways .It is a also applicable to the suspects. By sticking to the individual freedom of living own life ,the Act empowers the persons to live in personal privacy taking into the account of rights and freedom of the others and also limits on the extent to which a public authority can do thing which invade your privacy about your body without your permission. The point is well explained in Law Vs R (2) and it was held that the principal purpose of s 8 of the charter was to protect an accused's privacy interests against unreasonable intrusion by the state. In the instant case, the mere fact that the police recovered the stolen property was insufficient to support an inference that the owners voluntarily relinquished their expectation of privacy in the item and the Court confirmed that the officer's conduct constituted an unreasonable search. It followed that there was a violation of s 8 of the charter. Moreover referring the principle 21 of the Body of the principles on detention, which envisages the well being of the suspects who is in detention by prohibiting undue advantage

Social Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social Psychology - Assignment Example Second, when I was in my college, my mother once asked me to clean up my cupboards and bookshelves and I would delay the task out of my laziness. After some days, when I finally decided to obey, I emptied my cupboards only to find out that my favorite T-shirt, which I had bought with my own pocket money for the farewell party, had been eaten up by insects! How I wished I had listened to my mom. Third, on a serious note, my mother stopped me from being too submissive to my fiancà ©, but I did not listen to her. I would listen to my fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s crappy things he talked about my parents but could not do anything because I was too much involved. He took advantage and defeated me psychologically. After months, I found out that a person does not get respect from anybody if he does not respect himself. By definition, â€Å"counterfactuals are mental representations of alternatives to the past and produce consequences that are both beneficial and aversive to the individual† (Roese, 1997, p. 133). The three events I mentioned relate to upward counterfactual thinking. I could have said no to my friend who asked me for combined study and that would have led to my staying at home and studying properly for a high grade. Here, I am thinking about a better consequence that would have resulted if I had altered my action and had come up with a better decision. Again, if I had listened to my mom about cleaning up my cupboard, I could have saved my favorite T-shirt. Once again, a better result could have achieved by altering my action. Also, if I had listened to my mom about not letting my fiancà © say abusive things about my family, I could have succeeded in gaining a respectful place in my his eyes and could have made him respect me. I could have saved the relationship by pondering deeply upon the facts of life. The regrets I described are â€Å"feelings† while these counterfactuals are

The Hands Of The Blacks Essay Example for Free

The Hands Of The Blacks Essay CAN‘T REMEMBER NOW HOW WE GOT ONTO THE SUBJECT, BUT ONE DAY TEACHER SAID THAT THE PALMS OF THE BLACK‘S HANDS WERE MUCH LIGHTER THAN THE REST OF THEIR BODIES BECAUSE ONLY FEW CENTURIES AGO THEY WALKED AROUND ON ALL FOURS, LIKE WILD ANIMALS, SO THEIR PALMS WEREN’T EXPOSED TO THE SUN, WHICH MADE THE REST OF THEIR BODIES DARKER AND DARKER. I THOUGHT OF THIS WHEN FATHER CRISTIANO TOLD US AFTER CATHECHISM THAT WE WERE ABSOLUTELY HOPELESS, AND THAT EVEN THE BLACKS WERE BETTER THAN US, AND HE WENT BACK TO THIS THINGS ABOUT THEIR HANDS BEING LIGHTER, AND SAID IT WAS LIKE THAT BECAUSE THEY ALWAYS WENT ABOUT THEIR HANDS FOLDED TOGETHER, PRAYING IN SECRET. I THOUGHT THIS WAS SO FUNNY, THIS THING OF THE BLACK HANDS BEING SO LIGHTER, THAT YOU SHOULD SEE ME NOW- I DON‘T LET GO OF ANYONE, WHOEVER THEY ARE, UNTIL THEY TELL ME WHY THEY THINK THAT THE PALMS OF THE BLACK‘S HANDS ARE LIGHTER. DONA DORES, FOR INSTANCE TOLD ME THAT GOD MADE THEIR HANDS LIGHTER LIKE THAT SO THEY WOULDN’T DIRTY THE FOOD THAT THEY MADE FOR THEIR MASTERS, OR ANYTHING ELSE THAT THEY WERE ORDERED TO DO THAT HAD TO BE KEPT QUITE CLEAN. SENHOR ANTUNES, THE COCA COLA MAN, WHO ONLY COMES TO THE VILLAGE NOW AND AGAIN WHEN ALL THE COKES IN THE CANTINA HAVE BEEN SOLD, SAID TO ME THAT EVERYTHING I HAD BEEN TOLD WAS A LOT OF BALONEY. OF COURSE I DON‘T KNOW IF IT WAS REALLY, BUT HE ASSURED ME IT WAS. AFTER I SAID YES, ALL RIGHT, IT WAS BALONEY, THEN HE TOLD ME WHAT HE KNEW ABOUT THIS THINGS OF THE BLACK‘S HANDS. IT WAS LIKE THIS: -LONG AGO, MANY YEARS AGO, GOD, OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST, THE VIRGIN MARY, ST. PETER, MANY OTHER SAINTS, ALL THE ANGELS WERE IN HEAVEN THEN, AND SOME OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAD DIED AND GONE TO HEAVEN- THEY ALL HAD A MEETING AND DECIDED TO MAKE BLACKS. DO YOU KNOW HOW? THEY GOT HOLD OF SOME CLAY AND PRESSED IT INTO SOME SECOND- HAND MOULDS. AND TO BAKE THEM OF THE CREATURES, THEY TOOK THEM TO HEAVENLY KILNS. BECAUSE THEY WERE IN A HURRY AND THERE WAS NO ROOM NEXT TO THE 3RE, THEY HUNG THEM IN THE CHIMNEYS. SMOKE, SMOKE, SMOKE- AND THERE YOU HAVE THEM, BLACK AS COALS. AND NOW DO YOU WANT TO KNOW WHY THEIR HANDS STAYED WHITE? BECAUSE THEIR HANDS ARE TIED. WHEN HE HAD TOLD ME THIS SENHOR ANTUNES AND THE OTHER MEN WHO WERE AROUND US WERE VERY PLEASED AND THEN ALL BURST OUT LAUGHING. THAT VERY SAME DAY, SENHOR FRIAS CALLED ME AFTER SENHOR ANTUNES HAD GONE AWAY, AND TOLD ME EVERYTHING I HAD HEARD FROM THEM THERE HAD BEEN JUST PACK OF LIES. REALLY AND TRULY, WHAT HE KNEW ABOUT THE BLACK‘S HANDS WAS RIGHT, THAT GOD 3NISHED MAKING MEN AND TOLD THEM TO BATHE IN A LAKE IN HEAVEN. AFTER BATHING THE PEOPLE WERE NICE AND WHITE. THE BLACKS, WELL, THEY WERE MADE VERY EARLY IN THE MORNING, AND AT THIS HOUR THE WATER IN THE LAKE WAS VERY COLD, SO THEY ONLY WET THE PALMS OF THEIR HANDS AND THE SOLES OF THEIR FEET BEFORE DRESSING AND COMING INTO THE WORLD. BUT I READ IN A BOOK THAT HAPPENED TO MENTION IT, THAT THE BLACK HANDS ARE LIGHTER LIKE THIS BECAUSE THEY SPENT THEIR LIVES BENT OVER, GATHERING THE WHITE COTTONS OF VIRGINIA AND I DON‘T KNOW WHERE ELSE. OF COURSE, DONA ESTIFANIA DID NOT AGREE WHEN I TOLD HER THIS. ACCORDING TO HER, IT‘S ONLY BECAUSE THEIR HANDS BECAME BLEACHED WITH ALL THAT WASHING. WELL, I DON‘T KNOW WHAT TO THINK ABOUT ALL THESE, BUT THE TRUTH IS THAT NO MATTER HOW CALLOUSED AND CRACKED THEY MAYBE, A BLACK‘S HAND ARE ALWAYS LIGHTER THAN ALL THE REST OF HIM. AND THAT‘S THAT! MY MOTHER IS THE ONLY ONE WHO MUST BE RIGHT ABOUT THIS QUESTION OF A BLACK‘S HANDS BEING LIGHTER THAN THE REST OF HIS BODY. ON THE DAY THAT WE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT, I WAS TELLING HER WHAT I KNOW ABOUT THE QUESTION, AND SHE JUST COULD NOT STOP LAUGHING. WHAT I THOUGHT WAS STRANGE WAS THAT SHE DID NOT TELL ME AT ONCE WHAT SHE THOUGHT ABOUT ALL THIS, AND SHE ONLY ANSWERED ME WHEN SHE WAS SURE THAT I WOULD NOT GET TIRED OF BOTHERING HER ABOUT IT. AND EVEN THEN SHE WAS CRYING AND CLUTCHING HERSELF AROUND THE STOMACH THAT HAD LAUGH SO MUCH THAT IT WAS QUITE UNBEARABLE. WHAT SHE SAID WAS MORE OR LESS THIS: ? GOD MADE BLACKS BECAUSE THEY HAD TO BE. THEY HAD TO BE, MY SON. HE THOUGHT THEY REALLY HAD TO BE†¦AFTERWARDS, HE REGRETTED HAVING MADE THEM BECAUSE OTHER MEN LAUGHED AT THEM AND TOOK THEM O9 TO THEIR HOMES AND PUT THEM TO SERVE AS SLAVES OR NOT MUCH BETTER. BUT BECAUSE HE COULD NOT MAKE THEM ALL BE WHITE, FOR THOSE WHO WERE USED TO SEEING BLACKS WOULD COMPLAIN, HE MADE IT SO THAT THE PALMS WOULD EXACTLY LIKE THE PALMS OF OTHER MEN. AND DO YOU KNOW WHY THAT WAS? OF COURSE, YOU DON‘T KNOW, AND IT‘S NOT SURPRISING, BECAUSE MANY, MANY PEOPLE DON‘T KNOW. WELL, LISTEN: IT WAS TO SHOW THAT WHAT MEN DO IS ONLY THE WORK OF MEN†¦THAT WHAT MEN DO IS DONE BY HANDS THAT ARE THE SAME HANDS OF PEOPLE WHO, IF THEY HAD ANY SENSE, WOULD KNOW THAT BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE THEY ARE MEN. HE MUST BE THINKING OF THIS WHEN HE MADE THE HANDS OF THE BLACKS BE THE SAME AS THE HANDS OF THOSE MEN WHO THANK GOD THEY ARE NOT BLACK! AFTER TELLING ME ALL THIS, MY MOTHER KISSED MY HANDS. AS I RAN O9 INTO THE YARD TO PLAY BALL, I THOUGHT THAT I HAD NEVER SEEN A PERSON CRY SO MUCH WHEN NOBODY HAD HIT THEM.

United States Armed Forces Essay Example for Free

United States Armed Forces Essay The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America. They are composed of the Army, Air Force, Coast Guard, Navy, and the Marine Corps. Each branch plays a unique role in the security of America. Whether the country is participating in a conflict or developing the weapons of tomorrow, the freedom of America is protected by these branches. The Army, Navy, and Air Force represent the largest of the five branches, each having their own department in the Department of Defense. While they all work together to some extent, their purposes can be very different. The United States Army is the oldest branch of the military. It was established 14 June 1775. The Army is the largest branch of all the branches with over 550,000 active duty personnel. The Army serves as the land-based branch of the U. S. military. The Army does however operate aviation units of both fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft, the majority of service members are land forces. The primary mission of the Army is to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders. (1). The land forces of the Army are led by members of the infantry. Infantry is more physically demanding than other jobs in the Army, and places a greater emphasis on discipline, fitness, physical strength and aggression. The infantry is a weapon system in its self. It is the backbone of the Army. Infantry experience the highest number of casualties during any conflict because of the constant requirement of being face to face with the enemy. The United States Air Force is the most recent branch of the military. It was officially established on 18 September 1947. Before this the USAF was known as the U. S. Army Air Forces. It was operated and maintained by the Army during World War II until the National Security Act of 1947 which formed the modern day air force. The USAF is the most technologically sophisticated air force in the world. The main purpose of the USAF is to support the security of the United States through air and space exploration. The USAF supports national policies and objectives; and overcomes any nation esponsible for aggressive acts that endangers the peace and security of the United States. It is the main supporter of ground forces by providing air support during missions. The USAF does this by maintaining and operating over 5,500 staffed aircraft. The USAF is responsible for servicing and maintaining over 2,000 of the nations cruise missiles and the 450 intercontinental ballistic missiles also known as ICBM. The United States Navy was established on 13 October 1775. The Navy maintains, equips, and trains combat-ready Naval forces. These forces are capable of winning wars, discouraging aggression, and maintaining America’s freedom at the seas. The Navy has the world’s largest carrier fleet, with 11 active aircraft carriers. The USN is the largest fleet in the world; operating over 280 ships and some 3,600 aircraft. The USN maintains not only ships and submarines, but also naval aviation, including land-based naval aviation, air transport essential for naval operations and all air weapons. While those serving in the Navy do operate on land, their main mission is on the seas. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, and techniques have allowed the Navy to conquer multiple conflicts including World War II and the Cold War. The Navy is a main supporter of the Air Force, providing them with carriers for transporting and landing aircraft at sea. This extends the Air Force’s reach well beyond land bases. With Earth being over 70 percent water, the Navy is one of the most important branches of the modern day military. While the branches differ from each other, they come together to accomplish extraordinary goals. Whether it is fighting for freedom in the Revolutionary War, or fighting an unknown enemy in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, the United States Armed Forces are there to answer the call of duty. Through an entire volunteer force and superior technology they triumph any enemy that stands in their way. The United States of America was forged by the bravery from the men and women who have served in the U. S. Armed Forces. The Army, Air Force, and Navy provide a blanket of freedom for all Americans to enjoy.

Gender Affecting The Choice Of Taboo Words English Language Essay

Gender Affecting The Choice Of Taboo Words English Language Essay This paper is aimed to discuss further on the gender that affecting the choice of taboo words. I will focus on the sexual related word FUCK. Through this study, it is able to explain in sociolinguistics view. why there is less frequency of female apply the word FUCK in daily life. In addition, the observation through the usage of this word by Hong Kong native-born, it is a goal to reflect how society conceptions or interpretations on two sexes. Background In Hong Kong, the popular of using foul words is enhancing within ten years. Affected by Western culture, the English foul words like FUCK is gradually existed in Hong Kong. Yet, from writers experience, the use of FUCK word in daily life is male more than female. Thus, through the research we can see how the society values influence the communication process. The target people being observed is the Hong Kong native-born, whose values are the most representing the local interpretations on genders. Taboo language existed a very long time and there are some studies focused on the taboo field. K. Allen (2006) pointed out that there is no an absolute taboo word, the taboo refers to a behavior of a community in the particular situations and contexts. However, when the taboo words related to gender, like the sexual behaviors, tabooed bodily, sexual activities are become taboo language. Viewing on the sociolinguistic approach, this approach stated that there are relationship between use of linguistic in systematic way and social value. Statement Viewing the 20s of Hong Kong native-born, how the gender affecting the frequency of the word FUCK using in daily life. The possible respondents are the young adults in both genders within the age 20 to 29 distributed by educational level. Proposition From writers experience, young adults are commonly used this language then the elderly. In Hong Kong this modern city, the view of native-born citizen towards sex is still conservative. Thus, native-born people still carry a negative perception on the word FUCK. From the traditional view, patriarchy empowered the status of men and the view of sex and women speak behavior are followed the mens impression. This implied that women using the taboo language are an impolite and unsuited behavior of a lady. Until now, it is thought that Hong Kong native-born women are still influence by this custom. Bibliography review From the research of B. Murphy (2010) on examining taboo language across the age group, it is obvious to see the word FUCK is the most common sexual taboo word. The high frequency of this word is because FUCK is a transitive verb and carries multiple functions, including expressing emotional meaning, referential function and intensifier. (R. Wajnryb, 2004). Some theorists like Julian Burnside illustrated that our society judged this human action and sex is the illegal part of human existence thus FUCK is the impolite use of word. In my research, sexual words are taboo in Chinese traditional ideas. Thus, FUCK as a popular word in foul language. It is an important keyword to raise the way on society views on both genders. According the similar study by B. Murphy (2010) on the use of FUCK among different age groups, the young women aged 20s are concluded as the group freely to come across the ethical overtone and frequently apply profane phrases in daily life. Thus, I targeted my research to the young adults between 20s. Many previous studies showed that the communication way between men and women are different. Such as A.Peer (2005) mentioned, the stereotyped beliefs on the speech style of genders are based on the social status of men and women in society. Goddard and Patterson (2000) invented the word folklinguistics to define the talking behaviors of men and women. The women usually less swear than men. Some popular phrases like lady doesnt swear and man never cry reflected the expectation of the men and women act in various ways. I believe the society shared viewpoint is one the largest factors affecting the communication behavior towards genders. I think these theories also applied to Hong Kong. Methodology This paper is a qualitative research. Thus, the data collected for looking the patterns and the comparing to the theories. It is chose to use participant-observation as a tool to enter the group and have an informal interview to the target age group. I would be standing as the outside observer and play the active role to raise questions in the targeted group. Sources of data collection The data mainly gathered from three ways, organizing the collective discussions in face to face with target groups and the informal interviews. While face to face discussions can be viewed as gathering the spoken discourse, interviews ensure the quality of data got is valuable. Data from discussion is used to analyze the characteristics of both sexes in communication behaviors. Through the word FUCK, these interact behaviors can be reflected as the hidden attitudes on genders. On the other hand, the informal interview is a qualitative way to view the perceptions of these communication behaviors. Strength and weakness of data collection methods Collective Discussions (Focus group) facilitate researcher to gather various views on a topic because the sexual related word is a comparatively sensitive in Hong Kong. The dual moderator focus group is the effective way to observe the reactions of target participants. The designed questions stimulate the talk and interactions under defined topic in the groups. The speeches and experiences from participants can encourage the others to response and voice out their feelings on genders. This is a more objective view to observe the sentence structure and patterns difference within gender comparing to interviews. However, the ideas picked are only from the focus group. The data may not represent the views of all the people in age 20s. Moreover, the discussion involves more than ten people and the comments from participants would be persuasive and affect the others thought. Then, react of group members may not behave in a natural way and the data collected may not be accurate. Hence, organize few focus groups with different participants among twenties is the way to higher the accuracy of data collected. Informal interview (Semi-structured interview) is another way to collect the useful data and replenish the weakness from focus group. Interviewees are more willing to share their personal experience. The interviewer can adjust the questions in a flexible way according to the responses. The questions about genders and sex can be even more specific and sensitive. Although informal interview may involve the subjective view both in the questions and responses, it is a way to understand how the social value affects the choice of word in taboo language. In addition, this method ensures the quality of the data collected that is related to the topic and valuable. Instructions of data collection All the compulsory questions drafted should be asked in both collective discussions and semi-structured interviews. The optional questions are free to ask after finishing compulsory questions. The focus group will be organized in twelve people among the age of twenties and they should be all native-born in Hong Kong. As the groups will be formed three times, the numbers of participants will be altogether thirty-six people. The group should include all ages of twenties, at least one person in each target age. Every time the numbers of men and women are the same. The informal interview will be organized in face to face and on phone. The total numbers of interviewees are sixty. The interviewer should try to avoid using imperative questions for example; dont you think women swear less than men? The opened-ended questions are encouraged to ask if the interviewees are willing to answer. List of probable sources of evidence to be investigated List of questions asked of respondents Analysis Data analysis methods Case study analysis plan Expected outcomes and discussion

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

CYSTIC FIBROSIS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ONE OUT OF EVERY 2,500 BIRTHS IN THE UNITED STATES WILL BE DIAGNOSED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS. THIS FACT MAKES CYSTIC FIBROSIS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON GENETIC DISEASES IN THE NATION. ABOUT 30,000 AMERICANS HAVE THE DISEASE, BUT EVEN THOUGH CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS THE NATIONS MOST COMMON GENETIC DISEASE THE MAJORITY OF AMERICANS KNOW LITTLE ABOUT IT. CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS RELATIVELY COMMON IN CALCASTION PEOPLE BUT RARE IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN. THE DISEASE IS VERY UNCOMMON IN MONGOLIANS. FIVE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES ARE CARRIERS OF THE GENETIC DISEASE.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CYSTIC FIBROSIS, SOMETIMES CLASSIFIED AS MUCOVISCIDOSIS, IS A DISORDER IN WHICH THE EXCRORINE GLANDS SECRETE ABNORMALLY THICK MUCUS. THIS LEADS TO THE OBSTRUCTION OF THE PANCREAS AND CHRONIC INFECTIONS OF THE LUNGS, WHICH GENERALLY CAUSES DEATH IN CHILDHOOD OR EARLY ADULTHOOD. SOME MILDLY AFFECTED PATIENTS MAY SURVIVE LONGER. PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY TAKE PANCREATIC ENZYMES WITH MEALS. THOSE WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ARE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS, MOSTLY WITH AEROSOLS THAT RELIEVE CONSTRICTION OF THE AIRWAYS. PHYSICAL THERAPY IS USED TO HELP PATIENTS COUGH UP THE OBSTRUCTING MUCUS. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, WHICH OCCURS MOSTLY IN INFANCY, MAY REQUIRE SURGERY.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IN 1989, RESEARCHERS FOND THE ABNORMAL GENE THAT CAUSES CYSTIC FIBROSIS. THIS GENE IS LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME 7 . A PERSON WHO HAS TWO CYSTIC FIBROSIS GENES HAS THE DISEASE . A PERSON THAT CARRIES ONE OF THE GENES DOES NOT HAVE THE GENETIC DISEASE, BUT IS A CARRIER.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE SYMPTOMS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS SOMETIMES OCCUR IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH. MUCUS SECRETIONS MAY APPEAR IN THE BABY’S INTESTINES, WHICH CAN CAUSE OBSTRUCTION IN THE INTESTINES. IN ALL CASES, THE CHILD WILL GAIN LITTLE WEIGHT RIGHT FROM BIRTH, BECAUSE THE PANCREAS IS NOT PRODUCING ENZYMES. LITTLE TO NO NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED IN THE CHILD’S SYSTEM. A CHILD WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS MAY HAVE REOCCURRING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, ALONG WITH COUGH AND FEVER. THIS MAY BE MORE SEVERE AND PERSISTENT THAT NORMAL THIS IS A RESULT OF THE THICK, STICKY MUCUS THAT WILL HOLD AND TRAP GERMS IN THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. IT SHOULD BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION THAT CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS HAVE LARGE APPETITES AND EAT A GREAT DEAL. IN SPITE OF THEIR MALNUTRITION, THEY ART NOT IN PAIN AND DO NOT GENERALLY FEEL IT.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EXTRACTS OF ANIMAL PANCREAS, IN POWDER OR GRANULE FORM, ARE PRESCRIBED TO REPLACE THE MISSING ENZYMES FROM THE PANCREAS, AND THE AMOUNT OF FAT IS DECREASED IN THE CHILD’S DIET. WITH THIS TREATMENT THE CHILD BEGINS TO GAIN

The Benefits of ObamaCare Are Greater Than the Costs Essay -- ObamaCar

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) also known as Obama Care has been put into place to transfer the cost of healthcare from employers to the government. Employer provided insurance is common place in America. Nearly 60% of the American public utilizes insurance provided by their employer (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). Since the proposal of the PPACA it has been surrounded by much controversy concerning the constitutionality of the bill. During the industrial stages of the nation came the passage of strict labor laws, regulated minimum wage, and health coverage became a perk offered by employers to build a dependable workforce. Healthcare was readily available before the concept of globalization occurred and made it less realistic for an employer to keep supporting the overhead of health care rising prices while competing with other countries that do not provide healthcare or have to adhere to minimum wage guidelines. Companies in the US have been driven to cut spending in order to stay competitive with companies producing similar products in other nations. Global economy has had a huge impact on healthcare and the people it is available to. Companies have been gradually paying less and less towards their employee’s healthcare which in turn has made insurance too costly for the average employee to continue the same amount of healthcare coverage. While companies have been lessening their contribution to employee health benefits insurances have continually raised their prices. In the recent years between 2001 and 2007 the cost of health care premiums has escalated almost 80% (Health Care Marketplace Project, 2008). To understand the dispute surrounding the constitutionality of Obama Car... ...9% during the same time period (Health Care Marketplace Project, 2008) Works Cited Health Care Marketplace Project . (2008, March 14). Employer Health Insurance Costs and Worker Compensation. In Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved June 28, 2008, from http://www.kff.org/insurance/snapshot/chcm030808oth.cfm Jost, T. (2009). Health Insurance Exchanges: Legal Issues. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 3751-70. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00420.x Stengel, R., & Ford, A. (2011, July 4). One document, under siege. Time, 178(1), 30-45. Retrieved July 16, 2011, from Academic Search Premier. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). The Effect of Health Care Cost Growth on the U.S. Economy. In Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Retrieved June 21, 2011, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/08/healthcarecost/report.pdf

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny Essay -- essays research papers

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a first glance Michael and Sonny appear to be quite different. Upon further observation, however, they have some similarities. Although they are different in areas of personality, values, and their tempers, they are similar in areas of loyalty, their respect for their father, and their strong family ties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their personalities are quite different. Sonny is brash and arrogant, where Michael is calm and cool. When Don Corleone was in the hospital and Sonny is in charge, the family got kind of careless. He doesn't seem to care what could happen due to his actions. He wants to kill the police captain and doesn't think about the repercussions. Tom has to tell him that it wouldn't be good to kill a cop, but they end up doing it anyway. I think Michael was pushed into it because of his loyalty to the family. He is more calculating in manner. Near the end when he â€Å"takes care of all the family business† on the day of the Baptism is a prime example of this. Because he was this way, the objects of his violence had no idea that it was coming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their values are another way that they differ. Michael is a man of honor. He doesn't run around having affairs with different women. He only marries twice because his first wife was killed in the explosion. Sonny is an adulterer. He is with another women during his sisters wedding, along with a few other times throughout t...

Life for blacks in nazi germany

All mighty has created human being, a miracle of nature, superior to all other creations. God has bestowed man with all his grace and gifts of nature. To him all men are equal, but man with his contemptuous ideologies divided mankind in classes and creeds, instead of creating bridges, created walls between their hearts.   The insects of racial discrimination, the curse of civilization, are gradually eating up out society, dissolving harmony and affection, transforming human being in weapons of carnage.   Thus the society no longer remains a better place to live in. (Lamb, 243)According to some historians the first significant influx of Africans to Germany originated from Germany's African colonies in the 19th century. Like all other West European countries, Germany established colonies in Africa in the late 1800s which later became Namibia, Cameroon, Togo, and Tanzania. Some Afro-Germans living in Germany today can assert lineage dated back five cohorts to that time. Hitherto Ger man’s colonial experiences in Africa from 1890 to 1918 were relatively limited and concise, far more self effacing than that of the British, the Dutch, the French, or other European powers.But German colonies in South West Africa were the spots of the first mass genocide committed by Germans in the 20th century. German genetic experiments set in motion there especially involving hostages taken from the 1904 HERERO mass execution that left 60,000 Africans dead, followed by a subsequent   four year rebellion of German colonization. In the year 1904 German colonial company had to counter a rebellion with the mass execution of three quarters of the Herero inhabitants in what is now Namibia. Now after the passing of a full century to that incident Germany reluctantly issued a formal apology to the Herero in the year 2004 for that act of violence, which was aggravated by a German annihilation order (Vernichtungsbefehl). But Germany still turns down the appeal to pay any reimburse ment to the Herero survivors, even though it agrees to make available foreign assistance to Namibia. Subsequent to the shellacking Germany received in World War I, it was stripped of its African colonies in the year 1918. (Dollard, 89-90)The history of Africans, living in Germany, dates back further than most people assume. Anton Wilhelm Amo was probably the first Africans known to have resided in Germany. In the year 1703 he was born in what is today's Ghana, Amo was taken to Europe where he came under the shelter of the Duke (Herzog) of Wolfenbà ¼ttel in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) and grew up in the duke's castle. Later he became a respected philosopher and professor at the universities of Jena and Halle in Germany He was not only the first African known to get admission in a German university (Halle) but also the first to achieve a doctorate degree in the year 1729.As a professor, he had taught at two German universities and created a number of scholarly works, a Latin dissert ation entitled as De Arte Sobrie et Accurate Philosophandi   published in 1736, On the talent of Philosophizing Soberly and precisely. According to the assembled information, he encountered severe racial discrimination in Germany and had to return to his native land Africa in 1747. Thus there lies the unavoidable fact Africans in Europe were always considered as something unusual and alien. (King, 433)The Second World War was a mid-20th century clash that swallowed up much of the globe and is considered as the biggest and deadliest combat in human history. As a mess up of war, the French were permitted to take up Germany in the Rhineland, an astringent portion of territory that has gone back and forth between the two countries for centuries. The French deliberately set out their colonized African territorial army as the inhabiting force. Germans took this as the ultimate abuse of World War I and almost immediately after that 92% of them voted in the Nazi party. (King, 434)Many of these African Rhineland based soldiers intermarried with German ladies and brought into being their offspring as Black Germans. When Hitler came to authority, one of his first commands was meant to torture these mixed children. Giving emphasis to his obsession with ethnic limpidness, by the year 1937, every identified mixed race child in the Rhineland had been by force sterilized to put a stop to further â€Å"race polluting† as he named it. According to the records thousands of Africans were immigrated to Germany during the past 500 years, many of them were transported to Germany as living curiosity or as slaves. With the establishment of German colonies in Africa during the end of the 19th century made greater than before the instances of encounter between Africans and Germans, but earlier to World War II, their numbers were comparatively less. Countless of them became victim of the Third Reich's racial hypothesis and its consequential crusade of enforced sterilization and murder. (Dollard, 90-91)Even though most Black Germans tried to escape their fatherland, going for France where persons like Josephine Baker were gradually assisting and supporting the French subversives, but unfortunately many of them ran into troubles reaching somewhere else. Each and every country was shutting its doors to the Germans, as well as the Black ones. Some Black Germans however managed to make out a living during Hitler's reign of fright by performing various roles in vaudeville shows. But many Black Germans, unwavering in their principles that, first they were Germans by blood, mind and sole, afterwards partly African by blood, choose to stay behind in Germany. Some waged battles against the Nazis, a few even became Lutwaffe pilots. Unluckily, many Black Germans were put into detention, charged with subversion, and dispatched in cattle cars to concentration camps.Over and over again these trains were so charged with people, with provision of no food or bathroom facili ties carried people, after the four day ride, when box car doors opened, piles of the dead and dying were decanted out. In the concentration camps Afro-Germans were forced to do the worst jobs imaginable. Some Black American soldiers who were taken into custody and held as prisoners of war gave an account of the situation while they were kept ravenous an forced into hazardous labor, even violating the Geneva Convention, they were still in better condition than Black German concentration camp prisoners who were forced to do the unimaginable jobs, such as managing the crematoriums and working in labs where genetic experiments were carried out. (Lamb, 245)As an ultimate let go, these Blacks Germans were killed after every three months, so that they would never be able to make public the internal mechanism of the Final Solution. In each case of Black subjugation, regardless of the fact how incarcerated, en-shackled or beaten they may be they always find a way to continue to exist and at the same time set others free. Suppose consider the case of Johnny Voste, a Belgian confrontation combatant who was taken under arrest in 1942 for sabotage and taken to Dachau. (Dos, 441) One of the jobs assigned to him was loading up vitamin crates. Putting his own life in danger, he disseminated large numbers of vitamins to camp captives, which helped many of them to stay alive, for the reason that they were ravenous, feeble, and in poor health, conditions became worse by acute vitamin insufficiency.His determination was to fight for his own life as well as save others lives. According to information collected by Essex University's Delroy Constantine-Simms, there were Black Germans who refuse to give in to Nazi Germany, such as Lari Gilges, who brought into being the Northwest Rann, an association of entertainers that struggled against the Nazis in his home town of Dusseldor and who was put to death by the SS in 1933, the year in which Hitler came to supremacy. Very little inform ation could be collected about the numbers of Black Germans captivated in the camps or put to death under the Nazi rule.Some sufferers of the Nazi sterilization mission and Black survivors of the Holocaust are still living and acquainting with their story in films such as Black Survivors of the Nazi Holocaust. But they are also required to say their piece for justice, not just history. Dissimilar to Jews living in Israel and in Germany, Black Germans were given no war compensations for the reason that their German citizenship was invalidated, instead of the reality that they were German born. The only allowance they received is from those who are prepared to put in the picture of their stories before the world and go on with their combat for recognition and reimbursements. (Fletcher, 188)After the end of the war, numbers of Blacks Germans, who had by hook or by crook managed to continue to exist the Nazi rule were rounded up and convict as war criminals. Have a discussion about the final insult. There are thousands of Black Holocaust narrations from the triangle trade, to slavery in America, to the gas ovens in Germany.  The comparatively less numbers of blacks in Germany, their extensive scattering from corner to corner of the country, and the information that the Nazis concerted on the Jews were some aspects due to which   many Afro-Germans managed to survive the impediments of the war.One such survivor Hans-Jà ¼rgen Massaquoi, the retired managing editor of Ebony magazine in United States, who was born in Hamburg to a Liberian father and a German mother in 1926, published a book about his experiences as a black child growing up in Nazi Germany. (King, 435) The social and cultural problems of concern that black Germans have to face still today and the way their experiences can enhance our analysis of historical and present day racial issues have been considered at UB at a symposium titled as â€Å"Not So Plain as Black and White: A Multidisciplinary Ex amination of the Afro-German Experience.† (Kar, 77)After World War II with the occupation of Americans of Germany, came the next influx of Africans to Germany. After 1945, as African-American GIs were stationed in Germany, Afro-Germany again thrived from increasing associations between black American GIs and German women. African-American black GIs, especially those from the South, instead of few cases of resentments, were given full liberty. Their positions puffed up further becoming several hundred thousands of immigrant human resources from countries like Mozambique, Angola and Namibia were brought in to encounter with East Germany's never ending scarcity of manual labor. Even the African students and persons in exile, who settled in Germany, have added to the spilling over depth and extensiveness of the Afro-German cultural blend. (Kar, 78)Hans-Jà ¼rgen Massaquoi, who now lives in the United States, in his autobiography â€Å"Destined to Witness†, describes his chi ldhood and youth in Hamburg during the rise of Nazi power. His biography makes available an exceptional viewpoint, for the reason that he was one of very few dark-skinned inhabitant Germans in all of Germany under Nazi regime, turned away from, but not Nazi mistreated by the Nazis. This dichotomy remained a key theme all through his whole life. When the war approached to Germany, Hans-Jà ¼rgen had more, other than the Nazis, to be concerned about.Heavy associated bombing required him and his German mother Bertha Baetz to run away from Hamburg. He credits his endurance to good luck and the help of his mother and German friends. In 1947 he went to Liberia prior to immigrating to the United States and joining the army as a paratrooper and afterward studying journalism at the University of Illinois. That show the way to his career at Ebony. In Germany Massaquoi had luckily stayed away from the awful destiny of many blacks during the Nazi era, but it was more often than not more easier said than done for adult blacks. The fortunate ones were forcibly sterilized but permitted to live. Others were captivated and sent to concentration camps. Some associated prisoners of war, together with black French colonial soldiers and African Americans, were incarcerated in Stalag-III-A at Luckenwalde near Berlin. (Dos, 442)The experiences of Afro-Germans in today's Germany offer imminent look into the conversion of that nation-willing or not-into a multicultural society,† Blacks living in Germany today are classified into several categories. German-born blacks are sometimes called â€Å"Afrodeutsche†, this category comprises of people of African inheritance born in Germany, with either of the parents African. Another class is blacks from Africa, the Caribbean, the United States, or some other place, who are living and earning their livelihood in Germany, sometimes for decades. Unlike many other countries, German citizenship is based on the citizenship of oneâ€℠¢s parents, and is received in inheritance by blood. Thus the blacks born in Germany, and grew up there, are not German citizens if not they have at least one German parent. However, in the year 2000 a new German naturalization law provided blacks and other foreigners the permission to submit an application for citizenship after living in Germany for three to eight years. (Kar, 79)In conclusion it should be mentioned that history helps out us to identify ourselves, recognize who we are and be acquainted with the origin where we come from. We over and over again shrink back from hearing about our chronological times of yore for the reason that so much of it is excruciating. On the other hand, this has brought the black Germans together in their great effort for rights, self respect, and yes, compensations for wrong done to them in the course of the centuries. But at the same time they need to remember the past until the end of time, so that they can do something to make certain that these treacherous occurrences on no account come to pass for a second time. (Dollard, 92)References:Dos, M; Fundamentalist Thought Process: The Dark Side of Human Intellect. (Mumbai: Alliance Publications; 2005) pp 441-442Dollard, John; Nazi Frustration: A look into Holocaust. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2000) pp 89-92Fletcher, R; Swastika: Beliefs and Knowledge: Believing and Knowing. (Mangalore: Howard & Price. 2003) pp 188Kar, P; History of the Third Reich (Kolkata: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2001) pp 77-9King, H; Skin Color: Texture & Torment in Germany (Chennai: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2001) pp 433-5Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Delhi: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

Education-Strategy Essay

It is a common knowledge in human development that individuals have stark differences especially in their cognitive capacities and behavioral attributes. Education was then established to somehow reconcile this individual diversity hence it is a must for teachers to allot substantial amount of their time to prepare and assess instructional approach and materials that they will employ in classes of heterogeneous populace of students. To effectively facilitate the learning outcomes of students, teachers at every level should map out their objectives for the specified topic of each instructional period. Teachers usually have different strategies in preparing a lesson; some create detailed and meticulously encoded charts while other teachers plainly scrawl down the notes for a particular topic at a discarded piece of pad. Strategies in planning for an instructional approach are immaterial because the most important endeavor is for the teacher to execute wise decisions about the feasibility of their instructional technique to the successful attainment of learner goals. Furthermore, it is an educational requirement that teachers should be well-equipped of the knowledge that they are teaching because specialization of a particular subject matter effectually bolsters the realization of an educator’s designed objective for the improvement of students’ cognitive competence. First and foremost, before a teacher could outline relevant topics for a subject matter and its corresponding intent the teacher must conduct a pre-assessment of the students’ capacity and skills in a class that is needed to be handled; it can be in a form of a diagnostic test or conversational question-and-answer approach. The teacher ideally should not carry out an impersonal treatment to the students since they are not basically identical in aptitude and manners. After carefully assessing the individual needs of the students a teacher then must enterprise in designing a lesson plan that is precisely appropriate for the learners’ demand. In delivering carefully prepared instructional scheme, a teacher must keep in mind the unavoidable nuisance that may hinder the proper execution of the lessons’ objectives. In addressing this kind of problem in the classroom, teachers should make use of rewards and punishments to further reinforce the need to conquer irresponsible learning behaviors and the encouragement of receptiveness to knowledge enhancement. At the end of a specified topic’s timeframe, the teacher then is expected to administer a check-up test. In doing so, a teacher must be aware of the following criteria in designing a test questionnaire; the test must coincide with the intended learning objectives; the test questions should accurately recount the information taught; the test items must quantify relevant ideas and not those that are insignificant; the test items must be able to assess the composite behaviors, the practical abilities or principles-application of the students and not just simply reckoning memory skills; and lastly, the test questionnaire must be clear and simple to avoid confusion. The test should not be purely objective because it cannot measure the reasoning abilities of students. Provide spaces in the test papers that will measure the subjectivity level and argumentative skills of the students. Commonplace negative feedbacks occur every after a test exam is successfully completed. Normal setbacks such as large percentages of failing students occur that extremely pressures teachers because of strict adherence to the set timeframe of lesson plans. In cases of unforeseen problems like this, a teacher must devote time to communicate with the students to inquire the difficulties they have encountered in the entire instructional program. Subsequently, after the appraisal of the factors contributing to the failure of a large portion of students in the examination, the teacher may form study groups that will be evenly comprised of both astute and slow-learners. The teacher then must monitor that the study groups discuss or brainstorm about the previous topics while a new one is being elicited. Afterwards, the teacher may administer another test to evaluate the success of the remedial approach. Works Cited Center for Teaching and Learning. Brigham Young University http://ctl. byu. edu/? page_id=343 Ten â€Å"Must-Know† Facts About Educational Testing. PTA: Every Child, One Voice, 2000-2008 http://www. pta. org/archive_article_details_1117837372328. html

A Person in Public Life

A Person in Public Life that I want to become for a Brief Period in Time. If I were to become somebody else for a brief period of time, I would like to be the President of United States.I have known many people who have been asked this question and more often than not, they would answer Bill Gates or Oprah; but for me, I chose the President. Given this opportunity I would not think twice to choose the most powerful and influential man in United States.I want to be able to use that little time that I was given to do something worthwhile. The president has the capability to make change and impact the lives of millions of people. If an opportunity such as this would indeed present itself, I would make sure that every minute counts and that no time is wasted.As President, I would focus my attention to formulating strategies to solve the worsening economic problems such as increasing individuals access to capital, focusing on consumer’s awareness and financial literacy and minimizi ng predatory lending.I believe America should protect the family because as the most basic unit in the community, strong families provide a chain reaction which would reflect a strong community, a strong state and ultimately a strong society. I will put premium to the quality of work force because it would lead to stable jobs and ultimately a stable economy (Solutions for America, 2003).The dream of becoming a President and implementing change in the society sounds really idealistic but idealism is where everything started and in my opinion, it should not end there as well. Throughout history, we have witnesses different people turn these idealisms into visions and these visions into actions which our Country is reaping now. If it were not for the founding fathers’ bravery, the United States Constitution would still be a dream.After that brief period of time is over, I can still do something to effect change in my family and in the community that I live in. Like what Presiden t Obama said, we cannot expect the government to solve all our problems. If we want change, we must start somewhere and I think that the best place to start is with the people within our arms reach.ReferenceSolutions for America. (2003). The Guide for Civic Problem Solving. Retrieved April 14, 2009, from http://www.solutionsforamerica.org/index.html   

Describe and Explain Variations Between New and Old Social Movements Essay

Social movements are groups or organisations that focus on particular political or social issues. The two main types of social movement, Old Social Movements and New Social Movements, share similarities but also have noticeable differences. Bagguley argues that Old Social Movements are mainly influenced by class and economic factors. Many OSMs take the form of Trade Unions. For example, there are several teachers unions in the UK, such as NASUWT and NUT. Because of this the social base of OSMs is largely working or lower middle class. In comparison to this, Hallsworth describes New Social Movements as groups which challenge the established political and cultural order in society. NSMs deal with issues that have arisen in western society since the 60s, such as feminism, environmentalism, gay rights and anti-racist groups. And as these issues effect people from all walks of life, New Social Movements attract people from all classes. In addition to this, NSMs often have global appeal as they transcend not only social class but race and nationality too. For example, LGBT parades and protests happen across the world as the movement is one that can unite people globally. A further difference is that Old Social Movements tend to be insider groups whilst NSMs are considered outsider. OSMs are viewed as expert and professional, often having links with those in powerful positions. For instance, Trade Unions sometimes have links to Labour politics, with TULO (The Trade Union & Labour Party Liaison Organisation) coordinating the activities of trade unions that affiliate with the Labour party. This means that many Old Social Movements have the power to influence important decision and law makers. On the other hand, outsider groups are those that have little to no access to decision makers, and these tend to be New Social Movements. These movements have little access to powerful people as they’re viewed as too extreme or go against the aims of those in power. One extreme example of an outsider group is the IRA. The organisation seeks a united Ireland but has been considered an illegitimate organisation by the British government due to its violent methods that are unacceptable in a democratic country. However, the status of groups can alter. For example, in the 70s many environmental NMS were considered outsider groups and yet today political parties often seek their advice. Despite these differences, however, NSMs and OSMs do share some similarities. Both types of organisation aim to bring together and unite people with common goals and interests. In addition to this, the way in which they try to achieve their aims are often similar. Teachers Unions like NASUWT and NUT have staged several strikes over the last few years due to issues with teacher’s pensions, pay and working conditions. Their tactics are peaceful and civil and, with the exception of a few extreme cases, the same can be applied to New Social Movements. In conclusion, therefore, differences between Social Movements include their social base, their ability to influence those in power and their global appeal. However, it can often be difficult to pinpoint exact differences between the two kinds due to shifts and changes in public and political opinion over time. It is clear, however, that the majority of both NSMs and OSMs have one main goal: to unite people and bring about change to help increase equality in society.

Teaching Paper - Nursing Considerations for Teaching Patient hope to Research

Teaching - Nursing Considerations for Teaching Patient hope to deal with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension and Renal Disease - Research Paper Example Since hypertension and type II diabetes is caused by eating habits and lifestyle issues, health teachings should include proper meal plan which focuses on consistent and regulated intake of the following: (1) calories and carbohydrates based on the patient’s age, gender, body weight, and height; (2) vitamins; (3) minerals; (4) increased fiber; (5) low sodium diet; and (6) moderate sugar depending on the patient’s blood glucose level. It is equally important to encourage the patient to lessen or stop the habit of smoking (nicotine), drinking of alcohol, and avoid stressful situations which could lead to the increase of blood pressure (Johnson, 2004, p. 432). Instead of Depending on the patient’s age, nurses should consider the patient’s physical maturation, cognitive abilities, and psychosocial development when conducting health teaching (Habel, 2007). Although the patient is well-educated and prefers all learning styles; the nurse should always consider the age factor and readiness to learn. Since the patient is 65-year old, there is a possibility that the patient is experiencing learning barrier related to loss of hearing. In this case, the nurse should consider the idea of allowing the patient to read the health-related materials. The patient’s readiness to learn is an important factor behind the success of nurse’s health teachings. In case the patient is not interested in learning due to physical discomfort such as pain, the nurse should take more time to teach the patient health information in short details. Pertinent to the patient’s health condition, nursing diagnosis may include high random blood glucose levels of more than 200 mg/dL due to type II diabetes (Johnson, 2004, p. 286). For chronic renal failure, nursing diagnosis will include excessive fluid volume caused by sodium and water retention (decreasing the patient’s urine output) (Johnson, 2004, p. 677). To prove that allowing the patient to read nurse’s health

Witches - A Discussion of Superstition and Myth Research Paper

Witches - A Discussion of Superstition and Myth - Research Paper Example Since the beginning of time, humans have attempted to understand the environment around them and make sense of occurrences that oftentimes had little to no reasonable explanation; or so it seemed. As a result of this, the creation of gods and legends helped to define what would otherwise be considered a very chaotic and disturbing environment; one in which death and acts of calamity were all too present. Oftentimes these myths were relatively harmless and did not contribute to any one member of society being persecuted or harassed. At other times, rituals and superstition demanded that a particular type of individual should be shunned, mistreated, or even hunted down and killed. The focus of this particular discussion is on the superstitious origins of the term â€Å"witch† and the manner through which this particular identification has come to be propagated for such a very long period of time. It is the further intent of the analysis to point to the illogical and unrealistic mechanisms through which a â€Å"witch† has been defined and correlate these to the manner in which individuals that are considered as â€Å"aberrant† to society are oftentimes grouped. Before delving directly into a discussion of witches throughout history, it is necessary to note that the definition or determination of a â€Å"witch† throughout history has been an individual that did not ascribe to the norm. As such, whether for reasons of disability, unsightliness, or mental illness, a witch has oftentimes been a societal label for an individual that could not integrate or fit in with the remainder of society (Schwartz, 2004). Naturally, within this understanding, it is vital to realize that the label of a witch has absolutely nothing to do with magical powers or some type of collaboration with a mythical dark spiritual force. Instead, it is merely a cruel way in which societies have chosen to label people that do not abide by a given set of norms and standards that they have set forward to group their society by.  Ã‚  

Disucssion Question 1 week 2 Investment Information Assignment

Disucssion Question 1 week 2 Investment Information - Assignment Example s on a company with a good record of cash generation from its daily business so as to reduce risk of investment and boost prospects of positive returns. The firms being considered by the investor might have realized high returns resulting to good cash flows. In such cases, the criteria of choosing a suitable business entity to invest in will change- the investor should go for the company which invests its returns in a manner that would benefit him (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2011). For example, Company A saves most of its return for a rainy day while company B pays its shareholders A balance sheet is often described as a "snapshot of a companys financial condition" categorically stating the balances of the business at the end of each financial year. The left side comprises of the Assets (things the company owns ) listed in order of the time taken to change them to money (liquidity), and the right side made up of debts of the business and amounts payable. Thus, an investor should choose to invest his or her financial assets on a company with a large asset base which will ensure security of his invested capital in case of anything, and refrain from investing in companies with a high gearing ratio since it will result to a little or zero return on his investment and the risk of losing the invested capital increases

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Essay

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) - Essay Example The research explains the following design approaches: First, constructivist’s approach applied allowed the researcher to understand the practices and processes in emergency departments. Furthermore, the paradigm provides realism of the shared research. Second, the thematic analysis used was to enhance the inductive nature of the research and make sense of the responses on perceptions. Group interviews provided the interactive opportunity for relations and shared meanings to manifest themselves. The researchers conducted interviews in sixteen hospitals to select the participating emergency nurses. The advertisement of the recruitment drive took place through posters. All participants were registered, nurses. Some of the criteria applied in the selection process include at least one-year experience in emergency wing. The setting of the study was justified in that the researchers got the approval from the local health district research ethics committee. Data collection was accor ding to the National Health and Medical Council. Each participant filled a consent form. Prior to participation, the participants familiarized themselves with aims of the study. It is clear because there was the use of semi-structured open-ended questions. The lead researcher conducted the focus group interviews. Morgan’s 1997 guide for developing feedback was used within the focus groups. That is, covering the relevant topics, providing specific data, fostering interaction, and considering the personal context.

Mental Illness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental Illness - Research Paper Example This is one area that may have needed a change in the carrying out of the study. In my opinion, it would be best to have families record some of the behavioral changes that they have witnessed since the closing of the study. This would provide ample information about the progress of the education and techniques taught during the study. In light of the above, there are some things that I would strive to change, for instance; the focus placed on families would have to be increased. It is evident from the study that children do not have specific techniques that could help in diagnosing and treating their psychosocial disorders. Only adults are reported as having such techniques, which are designed to cater to their needs such as the expressed emotion model discussed in the study (Fristad, Goldberg-Arnold & Gavazzi, 2003). According to the study, the above mentioned technique deals with adults. However, it can also pave way for the understanding of children, and their relationships with their parents. This is by allowing researchers to connect with everyone in the families that are participating in the study. The concept of expressed emotion is a way in which researchers assume that individuals previously diagnosed with a mood disorder may relapse. In my opinion, trying to find a suitable model/technique that caters to both the parents and their children would be the best way to go about this study. Psychoeducation is a means of trying to reduce the levels of the EE (Fristad, Goldberg-Arnold & Gavazzi, 2003). This education involves trying to connect people; namely; the therapeutic team and the families being tested. This relationship may lead to understanding between the parties involved, hence; better management. This may be the best as it connects parents, families, and children together as they all try to comprehend the nature of their problems. Researchers can develop trust and establish a common ground on which everyone may understand what they need to do, an d when to do it. Population average may give a rough estimate of the entire area, and all that is required to come up with conclusive results from that area from selected participants. Setting up modern-day research facilities may work toward having families being studied keenly and monitored closely for any changes in behavior. The manic and depressive states of the affected parties may be easily monitored in these areas, which may allow research teams a better insight into how to deal with the participants. Children may also have different activities depending on their age-groups and characteristics. Sports and games are one way to do this. Having them interact with each other may determine the extent to which they might be affected by some of the common disorders that are present (Fristad, Goldberg-Arnold & Gavazzi, 2003). Developing research questions that are out to provide information on past and previous behavioral patterns may be part of the changes to be done. Past and prev ious behavioral patterns, for example; unexplained mood changes and behavior change in different time spans may assist in determining the level at which people are in terms of disorders These tendencies are checked to determine the possible psychological symptoms and relapse of individuals to their past disorders and psychosocial tendencies. This is a way of looking at how individuals, for example; children, may be affected