Cloning Essay - 733 Words

Alyvia Orsini Techniques in Cloning CRISPR CRISPR-Cas9, often called â€Å"CRISPR† is a genome-editing tool used in the field of genome engineering. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic repeats, and combined with Cas9, the two are an important part of a bacteria defense system. The goal of this technique is to target specific portions of genetic code and to edit the DNA at exact locations. CRISPR is natural to the bacterial cell’s immune system and provides protection against viruses. This allows researchers and scientists to modify genes in living cells and organisms (â€Å"Questions and Answers about CRISPR†, 2017). In 1993, Fransisco Mojica was the first scientist to characterize the CRISPR locus, which were†¦show more content†¦More recently, CRISPR has been used to edit human embryos, making inheritable changes to the human genome, editing crop genomes, and the first human trial was approved by the National Institute of Health in 2016 (â€Å"CRISPR Timeline†, n.d.). One of the main uses of CRISPR-Cas9 is to generate knock-out cells or animals, however modifications can be made to the Cas9 enzyme to selectively activate or repress target genes or purify specific regions of DNA. Before discussing how CRISPR works, it is important to understand its fundamental parts. There are two components of CRISPR, one being a â€Å"guide† RNA (gRNA) and the other being a non-specific CRSIPR-associated endonuclease, which is Cas9. The gRNA is synthetic RNA made up of a â€Å"scaffold† sequence for the Cas9-binding and a user-made nucleotide â€Å"spacer† sequence. The ge nomic DNA being addressed can be any 20-nucleotide DNA sequence as long as it meets certain conditions. This includes being unique compared to the rest of the genome and the target is present upstream of a Protospacer Adjacent Motif, or PAM. (â€Å"CRISPR/Cas9 Guide†, n.d.). Nonetheless, one of the many benefits of using CRISPR is its simplicity. When the CRISPR-Cas9 system is delivered to a cell, the gRNA binds to the target site through complementary base pairing. Then, the gRNA will show Cas9 where the target site is, allowing it to make a specific cut in the DNA doubleShow MoreRelated Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues ofRead More Cloning: Is It Ethical? Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesCloning: Is It Ethical? Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the capability to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans! First you may ask what a clone is? A clone is a group of cells or organisms, which are genetically identical, and have all been produced from the same original cell. There are three main types of cloning, two of which aim to produce live cloned offspring and one, which simply aims to produce stem cells and then human organs. These three are:Read More Cloning Essay2741 Words   |  11 Pagesthe future. Just a few years ago, cloning was something of a fictional nature that most scientists had thought about, but never seriously considered it as an experiment. Recently, animals have been cloned, and cloning has become no less than true reality. In a few more years, the knowledge on how to clone humans could be present. Before that advancement arrives, we need to ask ourselves if this knowledge of cloning is a beneficial idea or a destructive one. Cloning will have negative effects on ourRead MoreAnimal Cloning Essay2148 Words   |  9 PagesFinal Essay: Multiple Sources, Research Based Argumentative Essay Animal Cloning: Beneficial to Humans Today’s technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true; the example is cloning technology. Cloning is a process used to create an exact copy of a mammal by using the complete genetic material of a regular body cell. Different from the common propagate, cloning needs only one cell and without sex. Cloning, as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue in societyRead MoreEssay on Cloning1636 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It all started back in the fifties when James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA (D’Souza NA). Ever since there has been talk of human and animal cloning. It all seemed out of reach and basically impossible, but in 1997 that all changed when a sheep, named Dolly, was the first ever mammal to be cloned. She was cloned for the purpose of curing disease and research on animal organs for human transplantationRe ad MoreCloning Essay523 Words   |  3 PagesCloning In recent years, the issue of cloning has been up for debate worldwide. Cloning is the production of one or more individual plants or animals that are genetically identical to another plant or animal. There are two different types of cloning procedures, embryo cloning and adult DNA cloning. Embryo cloning occurs when sperm and egg cells are mixed in a glass dish. After conception, the zygote (fertilized egg) is allowed to divide and nutrients are added to promote cell divisionRead More Cloning Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesCloning For hundreds of years man has wondered what it would be like to clone human beings. With the idea of cloning comes many different opinions and positions. The idea of creating an army of super humans has long been a dream of many people. Others have feared what would happen to the world if cloning were possible and if cloning is morally correct. Overall, religion and ethics play a vital role in the both of these viewpoints and greatly effect many positions on the topic of cloningRead MoreCloning Essays1271 Words   |  6 PagesCloning The most significant problem our world has with newfound controversies is that most people take one side on the issue before they become educated on the topic at hand. This is the same problem that I see with the controversial issue of cloning. Whether one argues for or against the cloning of humans or animals, most people leave out the ethics and morals behind the issue. People see movies like Multiplicity, starring Michael Keaton (a movie in which Michael Keaton clones himselfRead More Cloning Essay2323 Words   |  10 Pages Cloning For many years, the cloning of adults, animals or humans has been mostly the object of science fiction, something unforeseen by man. However, â€Å"The world was shocked in February of 1997 when British scientist, named Ian Wilmot announced that his research team successfully cloned lamb named dolly from an adult sheep at the Roselyn Institute in Scotland†.(1) For what seemed like a dream for many years quickly turned into reality. The newest and possibly the most controversial phenomena inRead More Cloning Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pages Cloning nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cloning is an unethical action that should not be tampered with physically in any animal form regardless of what it is. This is a genetically engineered process by humans, in which, perfectly generated genes from someone or something is copied into its own life form to be an exact replica. In the article â€Å"Calves cloned to produce drugs† there are two cows involved with cloning. People should not be tampering with this, but letting God create people and animals